Just things I've noted, or needed to dig for.

• Ghast fireballs do 17 damage to blocks.
• Netherrack has a strength of 2
• Gravel has a strength of 3
• Glowstone/glass has a strength of 1.5
• Stone/cobblestone/nether brick has a strength of 30
• Glowstone puts out level 15 light. Jack-o-laterns are 15 too. Torches are only 14.
• Light decreases by manhatten distance from the brightest source. Ie, it wraps around corners.
  
  
• Monsters spawn at light level 7 or lower.
• The moon is light level 4.
• 1 log = 4 planks = 8 sticks
• A skeleton who is on fire shoots flaming arrows :(
• It takes ~900 stone (14 stacks) and 80 torches to make a 200 long x 4 wide highway with torches every 5m.

• What you need in your brew masters kit:
• Bottles
• Redstone
• Glowstone powder
• Gunpowder (makes splash potions)
• Fermented spiders eye
• Netherwart
• Magma cream
• Glistening melons
• Blaze Powder
• Spider eyes
• Ghast tears
• Sugar
• Slime balls (optional - to make magma cream)
• Brown mushrooms (to make fermented spider eyes)
• Gold nuggets (to make glistening melons)
• melon slices (to make glistening melons)
• Water source to fill bottles (not in chest btw)