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Center Circle Size

January 7, 2012

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Random math patterns time. If you take a quarter, or any other coin, you can fit 6 other coins around it so they are all touching the center coin and their neighbors on either side. Why 6? I dunno. But what size does the middle one have to be for 5 outside circles? or 4?

Start

So lets assume the radius of the circles on the outside (our quarters) is 1. A quarter is 2 quarter-radius' in diameter...go figure.

If you draw a line between the centers of our circles you will get a bunch of angles. In the case of our 6 quarters, we get a hexagon.
The sum of the outer angles for a polygon is ∑a = 180*(n-2), so for a hexagon we get 720 degrees, or 120 degrees for each angle.
Now if you draw a 2 lines from the center of 2 next door circles into the center you get a triangle. Each of the 2 outer angles will be half the original outer angle (120/2 = 60) and the center will be 180 minus the sum of the 2 angles (180-60-60=60).
So, how can we compare the number of outer circles to the inner angles?

inner angle = 180 - (2 * ( ∑a / 2 ) / x)
or simplified:   inner angle = 180 - ( ∑a / x )

So then we can calculate out for each shape:

# of Outer Circles Internal Angle
3 120
4 90
5 72
6 60
8 45

Inner Circle Diameter

Now, how do we relate the inner angle to the radius of the middle circle?
Something like this:

inner radius = outer radius / ( SIN( inner angle / 2 ) - outer radius
with numbers:   inner radius = 1 / ( SIN( inner angle / 2 ) - 1

So:

# of Outer Circles Internal Angle Internal Radius Internal Diameter
3 120 0.155 0.309
4 90 0.414 0.828
5 72 0.701 1.403
6 60 1.000 2.000
8 45 1.613 2.610

And This Affects Me How?

Hopefully not at all really. But according to wikipedia and some quicky ratio-ization lets have some fun:

Coin Diameter Circle Design
Penny 19.05 6 outer : 1 inner
Nickle 21.20 6 outer : 1 inner
Dime 18.03 6 outer : 1 inner
Quarter 23.88 6 outer : 1 inner
50 cent 27.13 6 outer : 1 inner
5 outer : 1 inner penny
Loonie 26.50 6 outer : 1 inner
5 outer : 1 inner dime (close)
Toonie 28.00 6 outer : 1 inner
5 outer : 1 inner penny (close)

Well that was really an excersize in letdown...oh well, my questions were answered, and your time wasted, so 2 points to me!